Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Overview:
– History:
– DMD project started as deformable mirror device in 1977
– First analog DMD product was TI DMD2000 airline ticket printer
– Invented by Dr. Larry Hornbeck in 1987
– Construction and Use:
– DMD chip contains numerous microscopic mirrors
– Mirrors can be individually rotated to on or off state
– Capable of producing up to 1024 shades of gray
– Mirrors are made of aluminum and approximately 16 micrometers across
– Controlled by pairs of electrodes through electrostatic attraction
Operation Mechanism of Digital Micromirror Device (DMD):
– Mirrors toggled on and off rapidly for greyscales
– SRAM cells beneath each pixel load required state for mirror movement
– Bias voltage is removed to enable mirror movement
– Bias system reduces voltage levels needed to address pixels
– Removal of bias voltage allows all mirrors to move simultaneously
Failure Modes and Maintenance of Digital Micromirror Device (DMD):
– Internal contamination leading to white/black pixels
– Glue degradation between 2007-2013 causing fogging inside the glass
– Defective DMD chips may be repurposed for less critical projects
– Seal failure can corrode mirror supports
– Glue degradation can result in white dots appearing on the screen
Applications of Digital Micromirror Device (DMD):
– Used in projectors and some TVs for producing a bright array of colors
– Employed in adaptive optics systems and 3D optical metrology systems
– Facilitates patterned laser-induced forward transfer of solid polymer films
– Key component in structured illumination for optical diffraction tomography
– Enables time-multiplexed illumination for imaging applications
Advanced Optical Imaging Techniques and Industry Impact:
– Optical Diffraction Tomography:
– Method for 3D imaging of transparent samples
– Provides high-resolution, label-free imaging capabilities
– Widely used in biology, material science, and nanotechnology
– State-of-the-Art Illumination Technology:
– Advances in polygon cellular-resolution optogenetics and photostimulation
– Used in neuroscience research for studying neural circuits
– Optics Letters Journal Publication:
– Research article on time-multiplexed structured illumination
– Demonstrates DMD application in optical diffraction tomography
– Mightex Systems:
– Company specializing in advanced illumination technologies
– Supports advancements in optical imaging and experimental techniques
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The digital micromirror device, or DMD, is the microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) that is the core of the trademarked Digital Light Processing (DLP) projection technology from Texas Instruments (TI). Texas Instrument's DMD was created by solid-state physicist and TI Fellow Emeritus Dr. Larry Hornbeck in 1987. However, the technology goes back to 1973 with Harvey C. Nathanson's (inventor of MEMS c. 1965) use of millions of microscopically small moving mirrors to create a video display of the type now found in digital projectors.
